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GDP per Capita in Europe by Country
Which European country has the highest GDP per capita in 2024?
In 2024, Monaco leads European countries by GDP per capita at $288,001.43, followed by Liechtenstein at $210,704.45. The median GDP per capita across the 46 countries listed is $33,051.49, so Monaco's figure is 8.7 times the median. This page ranks 46 European countries by nominal GDP per capita for reference year 2024. The table below provides the full ranking, including GDP per capita in nominal USD, GDP per capita in PPP international dollars where available, and total nominal GDP. The top 15 includes several small states and financial centres, while the bottom five range from Bosnia and Herzegovina at $8,964.96 to Ukraine at $5,554.23. All figures are as reported in the dataset; no adjustments have been made. The ranking reflects nominal values and does not account for differences in price levels or non-market activities.
What is GDP per capita (nominal)?
GDP per capita is a country's GDP divided by its midyear population. It is the most common shorthand for average income or output per person.
How it is measured. Nominal GDP in current US dollars divided by midyear population. Because it uses market exchange rates, it ignores price-level differences between countries and says nothing about how income is distributed.
How to read it. Use it to compare average economic output per person. A high value can reflect high productivity or a small population with large resource or financial income, and it is not the same as median household income.
Source: World Bank WDI. See our methodology.
GDP per Capita in Europe by Country, 2024
| # | Country | GDP per Capita | GDP per Capita PPP | GDP |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Monaco | $288,001 | — | $11.1B |
| 2 | Liechtenstein | $210,704 | $195,977 | $8.5B |
| 3 | Luxembourg | $138,269 | $152,964 | $93.3B |
| 4 | Ireland | $112,626 | $133,712 | $609.1B |
| 5 | Switzerland | $104,340 | $95,827 | $937.4B |
| 6 | Norway | $86,686 | $102,885 | $483.6B |
| 7 | Iceland | $86,352 | $81,597 | $33.3B |
| 8 | Faroe Islands | $74,120 | $81,909 | $4.1B |
| 9 | Denmark | $71,120 | $81,842 | $424.5B |
| 10 | Netherlands | $67,605 | $83,764 | $1.21T |
| 11 | San Marino | $60,811 | $80,358 | $2.1B |
| 12 | Austria | $57,738 | $73,486 | $529.4B |
| 13 | Sweden | $57,069 | $71,621 | $603.7B |
| 14 | Belgium | $56,418 | $73,562 | $667.9B |
| 15 | Germany | $56,095 | $72,674 | $4.68T |
| 16 | Finland | $53,218 | $65,037 | $298.7B |
| 17 | United Kingdom | $52,947 | $62,010 | $3.67T |
| 18 | Andorra | $47,831 | $72,772 | $4.0B |
| 19 | France | $46,145 | $63,399 | $3.16T |
| 20 | Italy | $40,305 | $61,634 | $2.38T |
| 21 | Cyprus | $38,738 | $62,656 | $37.0B |
| 22 | Spain | $35,239 | $56,320 | $1.73T |
| 23 | Slovenia | $34,324 | $56,550 | $73.0B |
| 24 | Czechia | $31,779 | $57,119 | $347.0B |
| 25 | Estonia | $31,424 | $48,856 | $43.1B |
| 26 | Lithuania | $29,381 | $54,827 | $84.9B |
| 27 | Portugal | $29,089 | $49,847 | $310.9B |
| 28 | Slovakia | $26,060 | $47,068 | $141.3B |
| 29 | Poland | $25,039 | $51,708 | $916.2B |
| 30 | Greece | $24,671 | $43,656 | $256.7B |
| 31 | Croatia | $24,038 | $49,124 | $92.8B |
| 32 | Latvia | $23,326 | $42,965 | $43.6B |
| 33 | Hungary | $23,282 | $47,583 | $222.9B |
| 34 | Romania | $20,145 | $48,016 | $382.7B |
| 35 | Bulgaria | $17,515 | $40,560 | $112.8B |
| 36 | Türkiye | $15,888 | $43,594 | $1.36T |
| 37 | Russia | $14,880 | $47,418 | $2.17T |
| 38 | Serbia | $13,612 | $31,917 | $89.6B |
| 39 | Montenegro | $13,261 | $33,314 | $8.3B |
| 40 | Albania | $10,663 | $24,257 | $27.1B |
| 41 | North Macedonia | $9,231 | $27,358 | $16.8B |
| 42 | Bosnia and Herzegovina | $8,965 | $23,373 | $29.6B |
| 43 | Belarus | $8,331 | $32,712 | $76.1B |
| 44 | Moldova | $7,544 | $18,548 | $18.2B |
| 45 | Kosovo | $7,023 | $17,864 | $11.2B |
| 46 | Ukraine | $5,554 | $19,135 | $190.7B |
Reference year 2024; 46 countries. Sources: World Bank WDI. Values are current-year figures as published; the European Union aggregate is excluded.
Download the full table as CSV. Cite this page: GDPIndex, “GDP per Capita in Europe by Country”, 2024, https://gdpindex.org/world/gdp-per-capita-in-europe/.
Top of the ranking
Top of the ranking
The highest nominal GDP per capita values in Europe are concentrated in small states and financial centres. Monaco records 288,001.43 USD, the highest figure in the 46-country set, ahead of Liechtenstein at 210,704.45 USD and Luxembourg at 138,269.45 USD. The gap between the first and second entries is 77,296.98 USD. Monaco's total nominal GDP is 11.1 billion USD, and Liechtenstein's is 8.5 billion USD, so the per-capita figures rest on very small populations rather than large output.
The drop after the top three is steep. Ireland ranks fourth at 112,625.67 USD, which is 25,643.78 USD below Luxembourg and 175,375.76 USD below Monaco. Switzerland follows at 104,339.68 USD, the fifth value above 100,000 USD. Ireland's nominal GDP of 609.1 billion USD is 6.5 times Luxembourg's 93.3 billion USD, yet its per-capita figure is 18.6 per cent lower. The top value is 8.7 times the median of 33,051.49 USD across the 46 countries.
Financial and resource structures shape several entries. Luxembourg's GDP per capita at PPP is 152,964.07 international dollars, above its nominal figure, while Switzerland's PPP value of 95,826.55 international dollars sits below its nominal 104,339.68 USD. Norway records 86,686.26 USD nominal and 102,885.04 international dollars at PPP, supported by a nominal GDP of 483.6 billion USD. Ireland's PPP figure of 133,712.28 international dollars exceeds its nominal value by 21,086.61 USD.
- Monaco: 288,001.43 USD, GDP 11.1 billion USD
- Liechtenstein: 210,704.45 USD, GDP 8.5 billion USD
- Luxembourg: 138,269.45 USD, GDP 93.3 billion USD
- Ireland: 112,625.67 USD, GDP 609.1 billion USD
- Switzerland: 104,339.68 USD, GDP 937.4 billion USD
Concentration and spread
Concentration and spread
The 46 European economies in the brief have a median GDP per capita of USD 33,051.49. Monaco, at the top of the ranking, records USD 288,001.43, which is 8.7 times that median. The gap between the two figures alone exceeds the total output per head of every country below the top five. Nominal GDP per capita is therefore not a smooth gradient across the continent but a distribution with one extreme value and a dense middle.
Top of the distribution
The upper tail is narrow. Monaco (USD 288,001.43) and Liechtenstein (USD 210,704.45) sit above USD 200,000, while Luxembourg follows at USD 138,269.45. Ireland records USD 112,625.67 and Switzerland USD 104,339.68. These five economies are the only ones above USD 100,000. The next group, from Norway at USD 86,686.26 to Denmark at USD 71,120.27, falls within a USD 15,566 band. The Netherlands, at USD 67,605.33, is the last entry above USD 60,000.
Middle and lower tail
From San Marino (USD 60,811.34) to Germany (USD 56,095.32), the top 15 close within a range of roughly USD 4,700. Below the top 15 the values decline steadily towards the median of USD 33,051.49. The bottom five reverse the pattern: Bosnia and Herzegovina records USD 8,964.96, Belarus USD 8,331.13, Moldova USD 7,543.56, Kosovo USD 7,023.07 and Ukraine USD 5,554.23. The ratio between Monaco and Ukraine is approximately 51.9 to 1.
Purchasing power comparison
PPP figures narrow some gaps but not the overall shape. Liechtenstein records USD 195,976.74 in PPP terms against USD 210,704.45 nominal, and Luxembourg rises from USD 138,269.45 nominal to USD 152,964.07 PPP. Ukraine moves from USD 5,554.23 nominal to USD 19,134.65 PPP, a multiple of about 3.4. Even after this adjustment, the spread between the highest and lowest entries in the brief remains wide, and the median of USD 33,051.49 continues to sit far below the top of the ranking.
Caveats and alternative measures
Caveats and alternative measures
Nominal GDP per capita is a ratio of output to population and does not adjust for domestic price levels. The gap between the nominal and PPP series is visible at the top of the table: Ireland records 112,625.67 nominal against 133,712.28 PPP, while Switzerland records 104,339.68 nominal against 95,826.55 PPP. The two measures therefore reverse the ordering of these two economies. Across the 46 countries listed, the median nominal value is 33,051.49, and the top entry, Monaco at 288,001.43, stands at 8.7 times that median.
Price levels and non-sovereign jurisdictions
PPP conversion narrows several gaps but does not eliminate them. Luxembourg shows 138,269.45 nominal and 152,964.07 PPP, a difference of 14,694.62. Norway shows 86,686.26 nominal and 102,885.04 PPP, a difference of 16,198.78. Both are high-income economies where non-traded goods are expensive, so nominal figures understate real consumption relative to cheaper economies. Monaco and Liechtenstein, ranked first and second on the nominal measure at 288,001.43 and 210,704.45, have no PPP value in the brief, which limits direct comparison with the rest of the table.
Distribution and population effects
GDP per capita is an average and says nothing about how income is distributed within a country. Two economies with identical per capita output can differ substantially in median household income, poverty rates and public service provision. Population size also distorts the measure. Luxembourg carries a nominal GDP of 93.3 billion and a per capita figure of 138,269.45, while Germany carries 4.68 trillion and 56,095.32. A large workforce commuting across borders inflates Luxembourg's denominator relative to its output.
Divergence between measures
Rankings shift when PPP is applied. Belarus records 8,331.13 nominal against 32,712.34 PPP, a ratio of roughly 3.9, reflecting low domestic price levels. Ukraine records 5,554.23 nominal against 19,134.65 PPP. At the lower end of the table, Kosovo at 7,023.07 nominal and Moldova at 7,543.56 nominal sit close together, but their PPP values of 17,864.42 and 18,547.51 place Moldova marginally higher. Nominal and PPP series should be read as complementary rather than substitutable.
Frequently asked questions
Which European country has the highest GDP per capita?
Monaco ranks first in Europe on nominal GDP per capita at USD 288,001.43, the highest of the 46 countries listed. Liechtenstein is second at USD 210,704.45, followed by Luxembourg at USD 138,269.45. Monaco's figure is 8.7 times the European median of USD 33,051.49. Its total nominal GDP is small, at USD 11.1 billion, reflecting a resident population of roughly 39,000. The ranking is therefore dominated by small states with large financial or specialised service sectors rather than by the largest European economies.
What is the median GDP per capita in Europe?
The median nominal GDP per capita across the 46 European countries in the dataset is USD 33,051.49. This sits well below the top group: Germany, in 15th place, records USD 56,095.32, and Belgium records USD 56,417.63. The median is also far above the bottom of the table, where Bosnia and Herzegovina records USD 8,964.96 and Ukraine records USD 5,554.23. The gap between the highest value, Monaco at USD 288,001.43, and the median is 8.7 times, indicating a strongly right-skewed distribution.
How do European countries compare on GDP per capita in PPP terms?
Purchasing power parity narrows several gaps. Luxembourg leads on PPP at intl $152,964.07, above its nominal figure of USD 138,269.45. Ireland records intl $133,712.28 against USD 112,625.67 nominal. Norway rises to intl $102,885.04 from USD 86,686.26, and Germany reaches intl $72,674.24 from USD 56,095.32. The adjustment is largest at the lower end: Ukraine moves from USD 5,554.23 nominal to intl $19,134.65 PPP, and Kosovo from USD 7,023.07 to intl $17,864.42. Price levels, not output alone, explain much of the nominal ranking.
Which European countries have the lowest GDP per capita?
Ukraine ranks lowest among the 46 countries at USD 5,554.23 nominal GDP per capita, with a total nominal GDP of USD 190.7 billion. Kosovo follows at USD 7,023.07, then Moldova at USD 7,543.56, Belarus at USD 8,331.13 and Bosnia and Herzegovina at USD 8,964.96. All five fall below USD 9,000. The gap to the European median of USD 33,051.49 is substantial: Bosnia and Herzegovina sits at roughly 27 per cent of the median, and Ukraine at roughly 17 per cent. PPP values for this group are higher, ranging from intl $17,864.42 to intl $32,712.34.
Why do small states such as Monaco and Liechtenstein top the ranking?
Small states with cross-border labour forces and specialised sectors record high output per resident. Monaco posts USD 288,001.43 per capita on a total nominal GDP of USD 11.1 billion; Liechtenstein posts USD 210,704.45 on USD 8.5 billion. Both figures exceed Luxembourg's USD 138,269.45, which rests on a larger USD 93.3 billion economy. Because per capita values divide output by resident population, countries where many workers commute in but reside elsewhere show inflated ratios. Ireland, at USD 112,625.67, is a further case where measured output is affected by the activities of multinational firms.