Countries by GDP (PPP)

Top of the ranking

China ranks first with GDP (PPP) of 38.2 trillion international dollars, against nominal GDP of 18.75 trillion USD. The United States ranks second at 29.24 trillion international dollars, with nominal GDP of 29.02 trillion USD. The gap between the top two is 8.96 trillion international dollars, a margin larger than the entire GDP (PPP) of India, which stands at 16.2 trillion. China's lead over the United States is equivalent to 1.31 times the United States figure.

India ranks third at 16.2 trillion international dollars, while its nominal GDP is 3.91 trillion USD. The drop from second to third is 13.04 trillion international dollars. India's GDP (PPP) is 4.14 times its nominal figure, the widest ratio among the top five. The Russian Federation ranks fourth at 6.93 trillion international dollars, less than half of India's total, with nominal GDP of 2.17 trillion USD. Japan ranks fifth at 6.49 trillion international dollars and nominal GDP of 4.02 trillion USD.

The top five entries account for 49.6 per cent of the listed total. The top ten account for 61.9 per cent. The first-ranked economy is 370.2 times the median primary value of 103.2 billion international dollars. Across 197 countries, this concentration places the majority of output in a small group of economies.

• China: GDP (PPP) 38.2 trillion international dollars; nominal GDP 18.75 trillion USD.
• United States: GDP (PPP) 29.24 trillion international dollars; nominal GDP 29.02 trillion USD.
• India: GDP (PPP) 16.2 trillion international dollars; nominal GDP 3.91 trillion USD.
• Russian Federation: GDP (PPP) 6.93 trillion international dollars; nominal GDP 2.17 trillion USD.
• Japan: GDP (PPP) 6.49 trillion international dollars; nominal GDP 4.02 trillion USD.

Germany ranks sixth at 6.07 trillion international dollars, 0.42 trillion below Japan. Brazil ranks seventh at 4.74 trillion, and Indonesia ranks eighth at 4.67 trillion, a difference of 0.07 trillion. France ranks ninth at 4.34 trillion and the United Kingdom tenth at 4.29 trillion. The interval between rank one and rank ten is 33.91 trillion international dollars.

Concentration and spread

The 2024 GDP at PPP ranking covers 197 countries. The top ten account for 61.9% of listed output, and the top five alone hold 49.6%. China leads at 38.2 trillion international dollars, ahead of the United States at 29.24 trillion. India ranks third at 16.2 trillion, the Russian Federation fourth at 6.93 trillion, and Japan fifth at 6.49 trillion. The combined top-five figure is roughly 97.1 trillion, a sum that exceeds the nominal GDP of any single economy in the table.

The median value across the list is 103.2 billion international dollars. China's 38.2 trillion is 370.2 times that median, which quantifies how far the largest entry sits from the middle of the distribution. The bottom five range from 0.1 trillion to 0.5 trillion. Tuvalu ranks 197th at 0.1 trillion, Nauru 196th at 0.2 trillion, and the Marshall Islands 195th at 0.3 trillion. Palau, also at 0.3 trillion, ranks 194th, while Micronesia ranks 193rd at 0.5 trillion.

Rank gaps and the middle of the table

Ranks six to ten show narrower gaps than the top five. Germany ranks sixth at 6.07 trillion, Brazil seventh at 4.74 trillion, Indonesia eighth at 4.67 trillion, France ninth at 4.34 trillion, and the United Kingdom tenth at 4.29 trillion. The interval between Germany and Brazil is 1.33 trillion, whereas the interval between France and the United Kingdom is 0.05 trillion. Indonesia and Brazil are separated by 0.07 trillion, so small revisions can reorder these positions.

Ranks eleven to fifteen continue the compression. Türkiye ranks eleventh at 3.73 trillion, Italy twelfth at 3.63 trillion, Mexico thirteenth at 3.37 trillion, Korea fourteenth at 3.21 trillion, and Spain fifteenth at 2.76 trillion. The span from Türkiye to Spain is 0.97 trillion, less than the gap between China and the United States. The bottom five, by contrast, span 0.4 trillion in total, from Tuvalu at 0.1 trillion to Micronesia at 0.5 trillion.

• Top five share of listed total: 49.6%
• Top ten share of listed total: 61.9%
• Median GDP at PPP: 103.2 billion international dollars
• China to median ratio: 370.2
• Countries ranked: 197

Caveats and alternative measure

Purchasing power parity converts each economy's output into a common currency at price levels prevailing domestically, which lifts economies where non-traded goods are cheap. The effect is visible in the gap between the two measures for India: GDP (PPP) of 16.2 trillion international dollars against nominal GDP of 3.91 trillion US dollars. The United States shows almost no such gap, at 29.24 trillion international dollars against 29.02 trillion US dollars, a difference of 0.22 trillion.

Where the ranking changes

Under nominal GDP the United States leads, at 29.02 trillion US dollars, ahead of China at 18.75 trillion US dollars. Under PPP the order reverses: China records 38.2 trillion international dollars against 29.24 trillion for the United States. The Russian Federation ranks 4th on the PPP measure at 6.93 trillion international dollars, while its nominal GDP of 2.17 trillion US dollars is below Japan's 4.02 trillion and Germany's 4.68 trillion.

Concentration in both measures

• The top five economies by PPP account for 49.6 per cent of the listed total.
• The top ten account for 61.9 per cent.
• The median value across the 197 countries is 103.2 billion international dollars.
• China's PPP figure is 370.2 times that median.

Concentration is therefore high on the primary measure, and the same five economies dominate nominal totals. The bottom of the distribution is thin: Tuvalu records 0.1 billion international dollars at rank 197, and Micronesia records 0.5 billion at rank 193. Rounding to one decimal place compresses the smallest entries, so differences among the bottom five are not resolvable from the published figures.

Reading the two measures together

Neither measure is a welfare indicator. PPP reflects the volume of goods and services a given output can purchase domestically, while nominal GDP reflects value at market exchange rates and governs shares in trade and finance. For India the ratio between the two is roughly 4.1 to 1; for Indonesia, at 4.67 trillion international dollars against 1.4 trillion US dollars, it is about 3.3 to 1. Comparisons should state which measure is in use.